2023年名词高中英语语法集锦6篇
名词高中英语语法第1篇可数名词单、复数变化形式(1)规则变化。①单数名词词尾直接加-s。如:boy—boyspen—pens②以s、x、ch、sh结尾的单词一般加-es。如:glass—glasses下面是小编为大家整理的名词高中英语语法集锦6篇,供大家参考。
名词高中英语语法 第1篇
可数名词单、复数变化形式
(1)规则变化。
①单数名词词尾直接加-s。如:
boy — boys
pen — pens
②以s、x 、ch 、sh结尾的单词一般加-es。如:
glass — glasses
box— boxes
watch — watches
brush — brushes
特例:
stomach — stomachs
③以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的变“y”为“i”再加“-es”。
如:
baby — babies
lady — ladies
fly — flies
④以“o”结尾的多数加-es。如:
tomato — tomatoes
potato — potatoes
hero — heroes
但以两个元音字母结尾的名词和部分外来词中以o结尾的词只加-s。
如:
radio — radios
zoo — zoos
photo — photos
piano — pianos
kilo — kilos
tobacco — tobaccos
⑤以“f”或“fe”结尾的名词复数形式变“f”或“fe”为“v”
,之后再加-es。如:
wife — wives
life — lives,
knife — knives,
wolf— wolves,
self — selves,
leaf — leaves等。
特例:
handkerchief— handkerchiefs
roof — roofs
chief — chiefs
gulf — gulfs
belief — beliefs
cliff — cliffs
⑥改变元音字母的。如:
man — men
mouse — mice
foot — feet
woman — women
tooth — teeth
goose — geese
ox — oxen
特例:
child — children
⑦复合名词的复数形式。(A)在复合词中最后名词尾加-s。如:
armchair — armchairs
bookcase — bookcases
bookstore — bookstores
(B)man和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时,前后两个名词都要变成复数。如:
man doctor — men doctors
woman driver — women drivers
(C)与介词或副词一起构成的复合名词应在主体名词部分加-s。如:
brother-in-law — brothers-in-law
passer-by — passers-by
⑧有的名词有两种复数形式。如:
zero — zeros 、zeroes
deer —deers 、deer
penny的两种复数形式含义有所不同。如:
pence(便士的钱数),pennies(便士的枚数)。
(2)不规则变化。
①单、复数同形。如:means, aircraft, deer, fish, Chinese,
Japanese, sheep, works(工厂),cattle。
②合成名词的复数。如:
boy-friend — boy-friends
go-between— go-betweens(中间人)
grown-up — grown-ups
③有些名词通常只用作复数。如:
glasses眼镜,clothes衣服,goods货物,trousers裤子,belongings所有物,wages工资,riches财富, surroundings环境,ashes灰尘, compasses圆规,cattle家畜,congratulations祝贺,have words with 同某人吵架,in high spirits以很高热情地,give one’s regards to 向某人问侯,in rags衣衫破烂,It is good manners to do 有礼貌做某事。
④集体名词的数。有些集体名词通常只用作复数,如:people,cattle, police; 有些名词只用作单数,如:machinery, furniture, mankind, jewellery;有些名词既可用作单数又可用作复数,单数看做整体,复数看做集体的各个成员。如:The crew is 船员人数很多(指整体);The crew are all 船员们都累坏了(个体)。
2、不可数名词的数
(1)一般说来抽象名词为不可数名词,但当抽象名词表示具体的东西时,可用作可数名词且词义发生变化,主要类型如下:
①抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。如:
抽象名词(不可数)
具体化
(个体名词,可数名词)
in surprise惊讶地
a surprise
一件令人惊讶的事
win success获得成功
a success
一个(件)成功的人(事)
win honor赢得荣誉
an honor
一个(件)引以为荣的(事)
Failure(失败)
is the mother of success
a failure失败者
by experience靠经验
an experience一次经历
youth青春
a youth一个青年人
have pity on 怜悯某人
a pity可惜的事情
with pleasure乐意
a pleasure乐事
②抽象名词与a(an)连用,淡化了抽象概念,转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。如:
A knowledge of English is a must in international
Would you like to have a walk (swim, bath, talk) with me?
It is waste of time reading such a
She made an apology to her mother for her wrong
(2)物质名词是不可数名词,但表示数量或种类之多时,可以用作可数名词。如:
①物质名词有形或数的相应物体,有单、复数。如:
some coffee一些咖啡,a coffee一杯咖啡,three coffees三杯咖啡,some drink一些饮料, a drink一杯饮料,three drinks三杯饮料,his hair他的头发,a few grey hairs几根白发,glass玻璃,a glass一只玻璃杯。
②物质名词有前置后置修饰时,前面要使用不定冠词。
have breakfast
The road is covered with
have a wonderful breakfast
They have a heavy snow every
Time and tide wait for no
We had a wonderful time last
(3)有复数形式的不可数名词
①有些抽象名词往往以复数形式出现,起到一种丰富语言感情色彩或强调某种特殊状态的作用。如:
Use your brains,
They have smoothed away the
Have you made preparations for tomorrow’s meeting?
Many thanks for your
No pains, no
After many failures, they finally
②有些物质名词以复数形式出现,表示数量之多,范围之广。如:
The boy burst into tears at the bad
The rising waters did a lot of harm to the
The stone bridge broke down in heavy
名词所有格
(1)“’s”所有格的特殊表示形式有:
① 用于表示时间、距离、价格、重量等的名词后,如:today’s,newspaper, five minutes’
walk(drive),five pounds’ weight, ten dollars’
worth of coffee。
②用于表示国家、世界、城市等地方的名词后。如:the earth’s planet, the word’s population, China’s industry, New York’s parks。
(2)“of”所有格的特殊表示方式有:
①表示“部分”时,一般在所修饰的名词前有一个表示数量的词(a、two、several、some、no、many等),如:
Some students of Mister Zhang’s have gone to
张老师的一些学生已经上大学了。
②表示“其中之一,其中一部分”的意思时,用:
a friend of Tom’s
汤姆的一个朋友(许多朋友中的一位)。
③表示赞扬、批评或厌恶等感情色彩时,应该用:that/this/these/those + 名词(单、复数)of Mary’s/yours/his/hers。如:
That invention of hers belongs to the
她的那项发明是属于全世界的(表赞赏)。
4、名词作定语
英语中有些名词没有其对应的同根形容词,这些名词可以直接用来作定语修饰另一个名词。
(1)分类意义。
air pollution 空气污染
boy friend 男朋友
coffee cup咖啡杯
income tax所得税
tennis ball网球
song writer歌曲作家
body language身体语言
road accident交通事故
Nobel Prize诺贝尔奖
(2)时间、地点、称呼等。
Doctor Jack杰克医生
Professor Li李教授
evening school夜校
winter sleep冬眠
street dance 街舞
country music乡村音乐
village people村民
school education学校教育
China problem中国问题
(3)表目的、手段、来源,所属意义。
reception desk接待台
sports field田径场
stone table石桌
color TV彩电
weather report天气预报
名词高中英语语法 第2篇
选择填空
It is generally believed that teaching is ___________it is a (NMET 20XX)
an art much as much an art as
as an art much as as much an art as
解析:
答案为D。当名词前有what、so、as、too、quite等词修饰时,其形容词被这些词修饰,组成下列结构,如:What a nice book! This is too heavy a box for me to He is not as honest a boy as 等,应采取too/how + 形容词(副词)+ a(an) + 名词的形式。要记住一些类似的特殊结构,并加以分析。
The police are offering a __________to anyone who can give information about the lost (NMET 1999)
price prize reward money
解析:
答案为C。price 价格,价钱;prize奖金。D项是钱,属不可数名词,题中所要填的是“酬金,报酬”。注意正确理解名词的含义及其搭配是活用语言的基础,在复习备考中要熟练掌握考纲中一些名词的词义、搭配、习惯等,才能更好辨析名词,从而选择最符合句意的选项。
’ll find this map of great _____________in helping you to get round (NMET 1998)
price cost value usefulness
解析:
答案为C。本题考查特定语境中名词的词义及“be of + 抽象名词”结构。Price (价格),cost(价钱,费用,成本)不符合题意,value作“quality of being useful or desirable”解时,常与of搭配,在句中作表语或补语,意为“有用,有价值”。故选择value。注意名词词义辨异及惯用法表达,题中“of + 抽象名词”相当于该名词的形容词形式。
you buy more than ten, they knock 20 pence off .
a price price the price price
解析:答案为C。本题考冠词和名词。全句合理句意应是:如果你买超过10个,他们从(现在标出的)价格上减价20便士。此处价格是特指的定价,所以C项最佳。
journey around the world took the old sailor nine moths, the sailing time was 226
of which during which
from which for which
解析:答案为B。辨析名词语义, a distance of +数字“……距离”。
I keep medicines on the top shelf, out of the children’s .
reach hand hold place
解析:答案为A。“out of reach”是“超出某人够得着的范围”,即“够不着”的意思,药品应放到孩子够不到的地方。
名词高中英语语法 第3篇
accuse of 控告某人犯某事(罪),指责某人做某事
cheat fo 骗取某人某物
cure of 治好某人的病,改掉某人的坏习惯
inform of 通知某人某情况(事)
remind of 使某人想起某情况(事)
rid of 使某人摆脱某物
rob of 抢劫某人的某东西
warn of 警告某人有某情况
名词高中英语语法 第4篇
cheat into doing 欺骗某人做某事
trick into doing 欺骗某人做某事
food into doing 欺骗某人做某事
force into doing 迫使某人做某事
argue into doing 说服某人做某事
talk into doing 说服某人做某事
terrify into doing 威胁某人做某事
frighten into doing 吓唬某人做某事
persuade into doing 说服某人做某事
名词高中英语语法 第5篇
blame for doing 指责某人做某事
criticize for doing 批评某人做某事
forgive for doing 原谅某人做某事
excuse for doing 原谅某人做某事
pardon for doing 原谅某人做某事
punish for doing 惩罚某人做某事
scold for doing 指责(责备)某人做某事
thank for doing 感谢某人做某事
名词高中英语语法 第6篇
误:deal a problem
正:deal with a problem 处理问题
误:depend
正:depend on 依靠(依赖)某人
误:insist doing
正:insist on doing 坚持要做某事
误:knock the door
正:knock on [at] the door 敲门
误:operate
正:operate on 为某人做手术
误:participate
正:participate in 参加某事
误:refer
正:refer to 查阅(参考)某物
误:rely /
正:rely on / 依靠(依赖)某人(某物)
误:reply a letter
正:reply to a letter 回信